Arthritis, a common condition affecting millions worldwide, refers to inflammation in one or more joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. When arthritis affects the lower limbs, particularly the knees, hips, and ankles, it can greatly hinder daily activities and quality of life.

This article provides insights into the various types of arthritis affecting various parts of the lower body, highlighting symptoms, treatment options, and when surgical interventions may be necessary.

Types of Lower Limb Arthritis

Arthritis in the lower limbs primarily manifests in several forms, with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis being the most prevalent.

Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis, often referred to as wear-and-tear arthritis, is characterised by the degeneration of cartilage, leading to bone-on-bone friction. This form of arthritis commonly affects the knees and hips, causing pain and stiffness, particularly after periods of inactivity.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks joint tissues, resulting in inflammation and pain. This type can affect multiple joints and often leads to systemic symptoms.

Other Forms

Several other types include psoriatic arthritis (associated with psoriasis), gout (caused by a buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints), and post-traumatic arthritis (developing after a joint injury).

Recognising Symptoms

Early identification of knee, hip, and ankle arthritis is critical for timely intervention and management. Common symptoms to look out for include:

Joint pain, swelling, and stiffness, typically in the morning or after prolonged inactivity.
Reduced range of motion
Warmth around the affected joints
Difficulty in performing daily activities such as walking or climbing stairs.

Upon noticing these symptoms, it is advisable to arrange for a consultation with a healthcare professional. This ensures that patients can receive an accurate diagnosis, comprehensive management plan, and professional care.

Medical and Lifestyle Interventions

Managing arthritis in the lower limbs requires a multi-faceted approach, incorporating both medical treatments and lifestyle modifications.

Medications like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help alleviate pain and reduce inflammation. In some cases, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) may be prescribed, especially for rheumatoid arthritis, to slow disease progression. Physical therapy also plays a crucial role in enhancing joint function and mobility, providing exercises tailored to the individual’s abilities and limitations.

Additionally, lifestyle changes also contribute to managing arthritis. Weight management is a priority, as excess weight places additional stress on weight-bearing joints like the knees, exacerbating arthritis symptoms. Incorporating regular low-impact exercises, such as swimming or cycling, can help maintain joint function and improve overall physical health. Finally, adopting an anti-inflammatory diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids can also aid in managing symptoms.

Surgical Options

While most cases can be managed effectively with non-surgical interventions, advanced stages of hip and knee arthritis with severe damage might require surgical intervention. This can enhance the quality of life suffering from debilitating pain. This surgery involves replacing the damaged joint with a prosthetic implant, allowing for improved function and mobility.

Other surgical options, such as arthroscopy or osteotomy, may be considered based on the condition type and severity. Individuals should discuss with a dedicated orthopaedic surgeon in Singapore to understand the associated benefits and risks and decide on a suitable course of action.

Conclusion

Understanding arthritis in the lower limbs is vital for maintaining a good quality of life. By recognising the different types, identifying symptoms early, and employing both medical and lifestyle interventions, patients can effectively manage their condition, preserving their mobility and independence.

At Specialist Orthopaedic Centre, we offer specialised care for arthritis in Singapore. Dr Kannan Kaliyaperumal, our orthopaedic surgeon, provides comprehensive and compassionate care tailored to your needs.

Find a trusted orthopaedic doctor near you today.