In Singapore, where sports and an active lifestyle are prevalent, the risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries is a constant concern. ACL injuries, which primarily affect the knee joint, are both common and complex. These injuries have the potential to disrupt the daily routines of individuals, from passionate athletes to everyday sports enthusiasts.
Learn more: 7 Factors That Put You At Risk Of Suffering From A Knee Injury
If you are dealing with or want to learn more about ACL injuries, this article aims to shed light on the different types and treatment options available when you visit an orthopaedic clinic in Singapore.
Types of ACL Injuries and Their Treatments
1. Grade 1 – Mild Stretches With Adequate Stability
Grade 1 injuries represent the mildest end of the spectrum in the world of ACL injuries. At this stage, the ACL is mildly stretched but it still manages to provide a degree of stability to the knee joint. Individuals with Grade 1 injuries often experience less severe symptoms compared to higher-grade injuries, but understanding and managing these cases are equally important.
Patients typically report mild discomfort or pain in the knee, often described as a nagging ache rather than intense pain. While the swelling is generally less pronounced than in more severe injuries, some degree of swelling may still be present. Individuals may occasionally feel that their knee is not as stable as it should be, especially during physical activities.
Luckily, in many cases, Grade 1 ACL injuries can be managed non-surgically at home and an orthopaedic clinic:
- Rest: The knee needs time to heal so reducing strain on the knee can aid in the recovery process.
- Physiotherapy: Physiotherapy aims to strengthen the surrounding muscles and improve joint stability. A physiotherapist can guide the patient through exercises that target these specific goals.
- Bracing: A knee brace may be suggested to provide additional support and stability while the ligament heals.
- Pain Management: Pain relievers may be prescribed to help manage discomfort during the recovery phase.
2. Grade 2 – Stretched and Partially Torn Ligaments
At this stage, the ACL is not just stretched but also partially torn. While these injuries are relatively rare, they demand a more in-depth understanding and careful consideration for appropriate treatment. While a Grade 2 injury is relatively rare since most ACL injuries are accompanied by complete or near complete tears, it is still necessary to see an orthopaedic doctor near you early for diagnosis and treatment.
Patients with Grade 2 ACL injuries typically experience more noticeable swelling in the knee. Pain is also more pronounced, often described as a moderate to sharp pain around the knee joint which can hinder daily activities and physical performance. The feeling of instability in the knee is heightened and daily activities like walking and running may become challenging as the knee is less stable.
The management of Grade 2 ACL injuries is more complex than Grade 1 injuries and may involve a combination of non-surgical and surgical approaches:
- Non-Surgical: Some Grade 2 injuries can be managed non-surgically, especially if they do not significantly impair the individual’s daily activities. This approach typically includes a structured physiotherapy programme to strengthen the knee and bracing to improve stability.
- ACL Surgery: For individuals experiencing persistent instability, who have specific performance needs (e.g., athletes), or wish to prevent further damage, surgery may be recommended. Surgical options often involve ACL reconstruction, where a graft is used to replace the torn ligament, restoring stability and function.
- Pain Management: Pain relief measures, such as medication and cold compresses, are often used to alleviate pain and swelling associated with Grade 2 injuries.
3. Grade 3 – Complete Tear of the ACL
Grade 3 ACL injuries are the most severe. They occur when the ACL is torn completely in half and the ligament can no longer provide stability to the knee joint. Grade 3 injuries require immediate attention at an orthopaedic clinic in Singapore and comprehensive treatment.
The pain experienced in Grade 3 ACL injuries is often intense and may radiate throughout the knee joint, making it challenging to bear weight on the affected leg. The knee can also become notably swollen shortly after the injury. Furthermore, the knee’s stability is severely compromised and individuals may find it nearly impossible to bear weight or move the knee without it buckling or giving way.
Grade 3 ACL injuries usually necessitate surgical intervention to restore knee function and stability. Treatment options include:
- ACL Surgery: ACL reconstruction surgery is the primary approach for Grade 3 injuries. During this procedure, the torn ACL is replaced with a graft, typically taken from another part of the patient’s body or from a donor source. This graft is used to create a new ACL, providing stability to the knee joint.
- Pre-Surgery Stabilisation: Prior to ACL tear surgery, individuals may be required to wear a knee brace to stabilise the joint and prevent further damage.
- Physiotherapy: After surgery, a comprehensive physiotherapy programme is crucial for recovery. It helps to strengthen the knee and surrounding muscles, improve range of motion, and restore functionality.
- Pain Management: Medications will be prescribed to help patients manage post-operative pain.
Rebuilding Knees, Rebuilding Dreams
The severity of the injury, diagnosis, and individual goals play a significant role in determining the right treatment approach. It is advisable to consult an orthopaedic doctor near you as soon as possible to take the first step towards recovery.
Dr Kannan Kaliyaperumal at Specialist Orthopaedic Centre is committed to helping patients get back on their feet after an ACL injury.